Historical Political and Military Organizations in Afghanistan
The Afghan National Liberation Front (NLF) was a political and military organization established in 1977 to resist the Soviet-backed government in Afghanistan. The NLF was a coalition of various Afghan resistance groups, including Islamic parties, tribal leaders, and secular groups.
The Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen (IAUM) was a coalition of seven Islamic parties that was formed in 1985. The IAUM was the largest and most influential resistance group during the Soviet-Afghan war.
The Afghan National Democratic Front (ADF) was a leftist political and military organization that was established in 1979. The ADF was composed of various Afghan communist groups and ethnic minorities.
The Hezb-e-Islami (Islamic Party) was a political and military organization established in 1975. Hezb-e-Islami was led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, a prominent Afghan mujahideen leader.
The Jamiat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) was a political and military organization established in 1972. Jamiat-e-Islami was led by Burhanuddin Rabbani, a prominent Afghan mujahideen leader.
The Harakat-e-Inqilab-e-Islami (Islamic Revolutionary Movement) was a political and military organization established in 1979. Harakat-e-Inqilab-e-Islami was led by Ahmad Shah Massoud, a prominent Afghan mujahideen leader.
The Ittihad-e-Islami (Islamic Union) was a political and military organization established in 1981. Ittihad-e-Islami was led by Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, a prominent Afghan mujahideen leader.
The Junbish-e-Milli (National Movement) was a political and military organization established in 1983. Junbish-e-Milli was led by Abdul Ali Mazari, a prominent Afghan mujahideen leader.
The Mahaz-e-Milli (National Front) was a political and military organization established in 1979. Mahaz-e-Milli was led by Sibghatullah Mojadidi, a prominent Afghan mujahideen leader.
The Afghan United Front (Northern Alliance) was a coalition of various Afghan resistance groups that was established in 1996 to resist the Taliban government. The Northern Alliance was composed of various ethnic minorities and former mujahideen leaders.
The list above is not exhaustive. It's worth mentioning that some of these movements have splintered and changed over time and some of them have had political and military wings, which have sometimes acted independently.